Jarnail Singh Bhindaranwale


Jarnail Singh Brar who was popularly know Sant Jarnailsingh Bhindaranwale was regarded by the Indian authorities as a Khalistani militant. While his followers and supporters regard him as a preacher, saint and martyr.

He was the fourteenth jathedar or leader, of the prominent orthodox Sikh religious institution Damdami Taksal. An advocate of the Anandpur Sahib Resolution, he gained significant attention after his involvement in the 1978 Sikh-Nirankari clash. In the summer of 1982, sant Jarnailsingh Bhindranwale and the Akali Dal launched the Dharam Yudh Morcha ("Crusade Front"), with its stated aim being the fulfilment of a list of demands based on the Anandpur Sahib Resolution to create a largely autonomous state within India. Thousands of people joined the movement in the hope of retaining a larger share of irrigation water and the return of Chandigarh to Punjab. There was dissatisfaction in some sections of the Sikh community with prevailing economic, social, and political conditions. Over time Sant Jarnailsingh Bhindranwale grew to be a leader of Sikh militancy.

In 1982, Sant Bhindaranwale and his group moved to the Golden Temple complex and made it his headquarters. Sant Jarnailsingh Bhindranwale would establish what amounted to a "parallel government" in Punjab, settling cases and resolving disputes, while conducting his campaign. In 1983, he along with his militant cadre inhabited and fortified the Sikh shrine Akal Takht. He was supposed to be assisted by neighbouring country Pakistan and its ISI in his endeavour to form an autonomous state of khalistan within India.

In June 1984, Operation Blue Star was carried out by the Indian Army to remove Sant Jarnail Singh Bhindranwale and his armed followers from the buildings of the Harmandir Sahib in the Golden Temple Complex, which resulted in hundreds to thousands of deaths according to various reports, including that of Sant Jarnailsingh Bhindranwale. To retaliate the carnage the then Prime Minister of India Mrs. Indira Gandhi was killed by two of her own bodyguards Satwant Sing and Beant Singh. She was killed for ordering the Operation Blue Star. And later on General Vaidya was killed by pro Khalistan militants at his hometown after his retirement from the military service. He was killed for executing the Operation Blue Star because he was the incharge of the operation.

Sant Jarnailsingh Bhindranwale has remained a controversial figure in the Indian history. While the Sikhs' highest temporal authority Akal Takht describe him a 'martyr', with immense appeal among rural sections of the Sikh population, who saw him as a powerful leader, who stood up to Indian state dominance and repression, many Indians saw him as spearheading a "revivalist, extremist and terrorist movement", which remains a point of contention.

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